Chemical List For using in Textile Industry

Chemical names which are used in washing plant

>Enzyme
>Acetic acid [CH3-COOH]
>Detergent
>Ant staining agent
>Bleaching powder [ Ca (OCl) CL]
>Sodium hyposulfite [Na2S2O2]
>Caustic soda [NaOH]
>Soda ash [Na2CO3]
>Sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3]
>Potassium permanganate [KMnO4]
>Cationic/ nonionic flax softener
>Micro emulsion silicon
>Salt
>Buffer
>Hydrogen peroxide [H202]
>Stabilizer
>Fixing agent
>Optical brightener
>Resin

Function of washing chemicals

2.1 Anti-staining Agent
A mixture of special macromolecules and surfactants, especially for anti-back staining during desizing and washing in denim rinsing. The basic problem in enzymatic washing of denim is back- staining of detached indigo dyes on fabric surface. Hence, it reduces the contrast effect/fading effect, which garment washer want to produce on denim.
Figure: Garments Anti staining agent.

FOB Price: US $1.4-1.8 / Kilogram
Appearance: pale yellow flow liquid
Ion: nonionic
Solubility: soluble in cold and hot water…
Classification: Chemical Auxiliary Agent

Characteristics and advantage:
Has good emulsifying, dispersing and absorbing ability for indigo dyes, can revent indigo back staining and improve color contrast and fabric brilliance.
Can improve color fastness after stone washing.
Be used with enzyme or used general washing process, improve effect of washing.
Be high concentrated, dilute it before using, stable diluted solution, easily used.

2.2. Potassium Permanganate
After desizing it is sprayed in garments area, It helps for color out from garment during Enzyme wash. Potassium permanganate (KMno4 + H3Po4 + H2O) solution applied or stray on the garments so oxidizes the cellulose & color is partially removed according to the intensity & solution.

The process of acid washing jeans used chemicals, stripping off the color of the top layer, leaving the white fabric exposed. The color remained in the lower layers of the material, giving it a faded look. Acid washing could be done overall or made to look splotchy treated with potassium permanganate.

Any time we mess with chemicals such as bleach or chlorine or PP, be sure to protect workers by wearing mask & aprons, so it is best to be fully prepared. Also, protective rubber gloves and safety glasses are highly recommended. These products can burn skin and eyes pretty badly

After PP Spray & PP Sponging need to neutralize the garment per sodium metasulphite, then whitish effect come on respective area of garments.
Stock solution is 5% i.e. 40 liter water 200 gm. potassium permanganate & phosphoric acid.
PP Spray is done by nozzle and has a switch to start & stop.
For Spray on garments need dry air which is supplied from screw compressor and PP stock solution tank.

PP Sponging is done manually.
By foam / fabric pcs wet in PP stock solution and rubbing particular area of garment by hand as a result fading effects on garments.


2.3.Caustic soda (NaOH)
Caustic soda is a deliquescent white crystalline solid, which readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It is used for mercerizing cotton.

2.3.1. Function of caustic soda
Caustic is the strong alkali used in garments washing to introduce an alkaline condition.
Caustic created the role in bleach technique without color change the garments.
Caustic has a cleaning power which is more powerful than soda Ash.
Fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments by the action of caustic soda.

2.4. SODA ASH (Na2Co3)
Sodium carbonate is a white crystalline solid containing water of crystallization. It is used in laundry as washing soda. It is also used for softening water.

2.4.1. Function of soda ash
Soda ash created alkaline medium for the breakdown of pigment dye.
It has a cleaning power.
It has also help color fading effect of garments.

2.5. Detergent
Detergent is used to remove impurities from the Garment fabric surfaces and temperature helps detergent to enhance its action. During coming these impurities, some pigment will be washed out from the pigment dyed or printed area of the garments. As a result fading affect will be developed.

The simplest way to inactivate any detergents left in the fabric is to neutralize the pH to between 6.5 and 7.5 through addition of a small amount of acetic acid. Through this method, the activity of the alkali and surfactants is eliminated.

For fabrics with a high content of synthetic fibers it may be necessary to add small amounts of cationic surfactants that can neutralize the charges of anionic surfactants and thus prevent static electricity. Using non-ionic or amphoteric surfactants normally makes such additions unnecessary.4

Sometimes the fabric softeners also include small amounts of perfume to provide a pleasant scent.4

2.5.1. Powder Detergent

Package: 1kg
Type: Detergent in powder form
2.5.2. Liquid detergent

FOB Price: US $1-2 / Piece

2.5.3. Super-cleaning fragrant washing powder

FOB Price: US $350-700 / Metric Ton
Super-cleaning fragrant washing powder this powder contains a super cleaning gene that dissolves easily and is soft on garments…
Type: Detergent


2.6. Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
Acetic acid is a colorless and corrosive liquid with pungent smell of its own. It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether in all proportions. Acetic acid is used in garment industry for dyeing purposes.

Acetic acid is a weak organic acid – the key ingredient in vinegar. It is readily degradable and has no adverse effects in the environment except for the use of oxygen for degradation. It is also readily degradable under anaerobic conditions.4

FOB Price: US $800-810 / Ton

2.6.1. Function of acetic acid

Acetic Acid is used to neutralize the garment from alkaline condition and to control the pH value in wash bath.
Acetic acid is not a fabric softener in principle but is often used for this purpose in professional laundries.4
Acetic Acid is used in Enzyme bath
Acetic acid has to be stored and handled with care.

2.7. Sodium Meta Bisulfite
Sodium metabisulfite is an inorganic compound composed of sodium, sulfur and oxygen. Its chemical formula is Na2S2O5 . It typically comes in a white, or yellowish-white crystalline powder. It easily dissolves in water, which leaves that familiar sulfur (rotten egg) smell.

FOB Price: US $300-350 / Metric Ton

2.7.1. Function of sodium Meta bi sulphite

Sodium metabisulfite is used as a bleaching agent in pulp and textile manufacture, as well as a reducing agent .
Sodium metabisulphite is used in the washing plant to neutralized the garment from potassium permanganate.
2.8. Pumic stone

Figure: Pumice stone
FOB Price: US $0.1-0.5 / Piece

2.8.1. Properties of pumice stone

When the impurities amount will be 10% of a pumic stone its density increases to 1 gm/cm3. Then the stone will not float.
Alternative of pumic stone: SYNTHETIC STONE
Stone wt. /fabric wt. = 0.5 to 3 /1
Dia.of stone-1-7 cm
Moisture content-less than 5%
Surface properties-less than 5% fines
Apparent Density-0.5-0.75gm/cm3
Abrasion loss-35%
Large, hard stones last longer and may be suited for heavy weight fabrics only.
Smaller, softer stones would be used for light weight fabrics and more delicate items.

2.9. Softener
2.9.1. Function of softener

The purpose of adding ‘fabric softeners’ at the end of the washing process is to neutralise the very small amounts of detergents left in the textiles and thus prevent static electricity.4
Another main function of the softener is creating softer handle over the garments, it is obtained because when softener is applied on the garments then the each and every treads tends to slip over another.
Softener is used to make the garments treated textiles is surface feel that is bath sickly and soft and also provides excellent lubricating properties.


FOB Price: US $1-5 / Kilogram;

Name: China mainland11

2.10. Enzyme
The trend today is towards garment processing. This is because garment processing offers the processor better and more varied opportunities to add value to the garments in terms of fashionable looks as well as feel. In such a fast changing scenario, Enzymes are playing an important role.

2.10.1 Functions of Enzyme

Residual hydrogen peroxide must be removed from the fabric after bleaching treatments, which would otherwise be detrimental to subsequent processing. Catalayse enzymes can be used to work specifically on residual peroxide as an anti-oxidant breaking it down into natural elements of water and oxygen without adversely affecting the fibres or dyes.
Develop ‘’Bio-polishing’’ effect on denim in echo-friendly way
Enzyme improves the ‘’Anti-pilling’’ properties.
It attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives a very smooth surface.
It increases the color fastness and rubbing fastness properties.
Achieve high-low abrasion to produce fading effect in sewing area. 2
It just hydrolysis the cellulose, first it attacks the projecting fiber then the yarn portion inside fabric and faded affect is produced.
It reduces GSM of the garment.
Neutral enzyme is used for Dark shade enzyme wash because it comes fading effect slowly.
It produces buyer loving soft feel in use.
Acid enzyme is used for medium /light shade Enzyme wash of denim skirt because it comes enzyme effect quickly than neutral enzyme.

2.10.2. Name: Textile Enzyme for Jean N1000

FOB Price: US $3.5-4.0 / Kilogram
2.10.3. Neutral cellulase

FOB Price: US $1-10 / Kilogram
Type: Liquid Cellulase Enzyme
2.10.4. Bio polish Enzyme for T shirt

FOB Price: US $1.45-1.50 / Kilogram

High and stable activity
PH: 4.5-6.0
Reducing fuzzy and pilling
Dosage: 0.3-0.5g/L…
Classification: Chemical Auxiliary Agent

2.10.5.Cellulose Enzyme
FOB Price: US $10-30 / Kilogram

2.11. Bleaching Powder
Color is produced by molecules which contain chromophores and bleach works upon these molecules to achieve the whitening effect. Oxidizing bleach breaks down the molecules with chromophores and make them incapable of absorbing any visible light, while reducing bleach converts the double-bonded chromophore to single-bonded, thus making them incapable of absorbing visible light. The same principle is behind the bleaching action of sunlight. The high energy photons of light affects the bonds of chromophores, which in turn results in the gradual fading of color .9

FOB Price: US $300-320 / Metric Ton


2.11.1. Bleaching Clothes in Washing Machine
Bleach helps white clothes to retain their original color time and again. Knowing exactly how the bleach works and what are its active ingredients is very useful. When it comes to bleaching clothes white, there are many things that must be considered, first and foremost is the safety. Bleach can cause harm equally to both clothes and your hands. If chlorine bleaches are combined with ammonia and such chemicals, then that can cause extremely harmful and toxic effects. Hence, to avoid side effects of bleach on your hands, you can start doing it in the washing machine.

There are two basic types of bleaches, namely chlorine bleach and non-chlorine bleach and both are equally good. It is important to make sure that the color and type of the fabric that you want to bleach white in washing machine can sustain bleach. It is also important to find out whether the water in which bleaching will be performed is reacting well with the bleach you are using. If you are sure of these two things, then bleaching clothes in the washing machine is very easy

2.12. Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide creates the prime role in bleach wash technique. In alkaline medium, hydrogen peroxide breaks up and gives some perhydroxhylion, which discolor the colouring materials and as a result fading effect is developed. Hydrogen peroxide is used in scouring, bleaching bath for white/ready for dyeing of gray fabric garments. It is used also neutralized the garment from alkaline condition.

FOB Price: US $400-550 / Ton.

2.12.1. Fucntion of Hydrogen Peroxide
A. Hydrogen peroxide is created in the atmosphere when ultraviolet rays from the sun hit oxygen in the presence of moisture. It is basically the same chemical make up as water but with an extra oxygen atom. Because of this it breaks down quickly and harmlessly into oxygen and water.

B. Hydrogen peroxide has antibacterial and antiviral qualities and is a strong bleach. The most common form is three to six percent hydrogen peroxide solution and this works best in the home as an all-purpose cleaner.

Antibacterial
Antifungal
Kills mold
Kills mildew


2.13. Silicone Softener

FOB Price: US $2.0-2.2 / Kilogram

While many people rely on their favorite fabric softener to reduce static cling, soften their laundry and make ironing easier, they rarely stop to think about the science behind softening fabric.13 They were first devised in the early 1900s as a way to reduce the stiff, rough feeling of newly dyed cotton fabric. Early “cotton softeners” were developed using water, soap and oil — the oils most often used being corn, olive, and tallow.

Clothing manufacturers and consumers began to see the value in fabric softeners, and an industry was born. Products like these have evolved to meet additional consumer needs, with the addition of fresh scents, dyes and the ability to reduce wrinkles, make ironing easier, and added stain protection.

The typical product contains chemicals and additives to make the fabric soft and static free. Traditionally, the chemicals deposit themselves onto the fabric, but recent formulas use technology that allows the fabric softener to actually penetrate the fabric. This improves the absorption of the fabric, which in the past has been compromised by use of these products.

*Sulfanine DM
Specialty softener, which imparts softness with a wet feel with body.
Silicone micro emulsion, gives excellent inner softness and silky touch to the all type of fabric.

*Optical Brightness:
Two types of optical brightener are used in the washing plant –

*Red brightener.
Blue brightener. Mainly optical brightener is used for improve the brightness of garments.


Pre-treatment Chemicals:
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*De-sizing Agent
This is used to remove the different types of sizes (Starch, waxes etc.) from the fabric/yarn

*Wetting and Penetrating Agent
This is needed to reduce the surface tension of water and thus increase the absorbency of the water to the fabric

*Sequestering Agent & Protective Colloid
This is needed to reduce the hardness of water and thus make ideal conditions for washing

*Scouring Agent
This is needed to remove the oil , fats etc from the fabric.

*Silicone & Non Silicone Defoamers
These are needed to reduce the foam created during the process of treatment of fabric.

*Non-Silicate Peroxide stabilizer
This is used to stabilize the peroxide of hydrogen peroxide in the pretreatment process.

*Peroxide Killer
This is used to clear the residual peroxide from the fabric

*Polyester Weight Reducing Catalyst
This is used to reduce the weight of the polyester fabric during the caustic addition process

*Anti-back Staining Agent
This is used to prevent the staining of the pockets during the denim fabric treatment

Dyeing Chemicals
******************

*Sequestering Agent
It is used to reduce the hardness of water and thus make ideal condition for processing

*Silicone & Non Silicone Defoamers
These are used to reduce the foam created during the process

*Buffering Agent
These are used to maintain the pH of dye bath throughout the dyeing process

*Polyester Dyeing Carriers
These are used to facilitate easy absorption and penetration of dyes by the polyester fabric

*Dispersing Agent & Oligomer Removing Agent
This is used to maintain the dispersion of dyes in the dyeing process and help to remove oligomers

*Levelling Agent
This is used to get even dyeing and even colour depth effect

*Lubricants
To reduce the friction between fabric to fabric and fabric to machine and to reduce the creation of creases in the fabric

*Washing off Agent
To remove the unfixed dyes from the fabric

*Dye-fixing Agent
To fix the dyes on to the fabric

*Soda Ash Substitute
To substitute soda ash in the dyeing process of cotton.
Cationising Agent for Pigment Dyeing
To provide required cationic charge to the fabric in the pigment dyeing process


Printing Chemicals:
********************

*Dispersing, Penetrating, Swelling, Levelling & Defoaming Agent
This is used to provide depth and even level printing effect, being added in the printing paste

*Fixation Accelerators
These are used to provide depth and fixation of dyes to the polyester printing fabric in loopager machine during the disperse printing process

*Binders Acrylic, Self Thickening for Gold & Flock
These are used to bind the pigment or dyes onto the fabric

*Fixers in Pigment Printing
These are used to provide fastness to the print

*Thickeners
These are used to provide viscosity to the printing paste to facilitate required printing effect

*White Inks
These are used to provide printing effect onto the fabric

*Washing Off Agent
This is needed to remove the unfixed dye from the printed fabric

Finishing Chemicals:
*********************

*Stiffeners
This is used to provide stiff finish effect to the fabric

*Softeners
These are used to provide soft finish effect to the fabric

*Silicone Emulsion
This is used to provide silky and soft finish effect to the fabric

*Wax Finishing Agent
This is used to provide waxy finish to the fabric

*Anti Static Agent
This is used to reduce the static power of the fabric

*Water Repellant & Soil Resisting Agent
This is used to provide water repellency and dust repellency to the fabric

*Polyurethane Finishing Agent
This is used to provide bouncy feel to the fabric

*Crease Recovery Agent
This is used to reduce the crease and provide wrinkle free effect to the fabric

*Delustering Agent
This is used to remove the luster from the viscose fabric


*Anti-pilling & Anti-Slip Agents
These are used to remove the hairing and pilling problems from the fabric and also provide anti-slip effect

*Enzymatic Bio-polishing Agent
This is used to remove the surface protruding fibers from the knit substrates and denim and thus improvise the surface feel


Textile Processing-1
*********************


1. Acetic AcidAcetic acid is a colorless and corrosive liquid with pungent smell of its own. It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether in all proportions. Acetic acid is used in garment industry for dyeing purposes.

2. Citric Acid
Citric acid is in the form of colorless, translucent crystals or a white granular to fine crystalline powder. It is used as sequestering agent, as mordanting agent in dyeing and cleansing agent for boiler water.

3. Formic Acid
Formic acid is a colorless and pungent smelling mobile liquid. It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether in all proportions. It acts both as an acid and as reducing agent due to presence of both carboxylic and aldehyde group. Formic acid is used in dyeing wool and cotton fabrics.

4. Hydrochloric Acid, HCl
Hydrochloric acid gas is a colorless, pungent smelling gas with acidic taste. It fumes in moist air and is extremely soluble in water.

5. Nitric Acid, HNO3
Nitric acid is a colorless fuming liquid when pure but may be colored yellow due to its dissociation products mainly nitrogen dioxide. It is a strong acid and acts as a powerful oxidizing agent. Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of dyes.

6. Oxalic Acid, HOOC.COOH.2H2O
Oxalic is a colorless, crystalline solid with two molecules of water of crystallization. Oxalic acid is used in garment and textile industry for the removal of ink stains from cloths and bleaching of straw for hats. Its antimony salts are used as mordant for dyeing and printing.

7. Liquid Ammonia, NH4OH
Ammonia is a colorless gas with characteristic pungent odor and an alkaline taste. It is used as a cleansing agent for removing grease in dry cleaning.


8. Caustic Soda ( Sodium Hydroxide), NaOH
Caustic soda is a deliquescent white crystalline solid, which readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It is used for mercerizing cotton.

9. Soda Ash ( Washing Soda), Na2CO3
Sodium carbonate is a white crystalline solid containing water of crystallization. It is used in laundry as washing soda. It is also used for softening water.

10. Sodium Bicarbonate ( Baking Soda), NaHCO3
Sodium bicarbonate is available in the form of white crystals, sparingly soluble in water. It is alkaline in nature.

11. Sodium Silicate
Liquid alkaline Sodium silicate is mostly used in garment industry as a fixing agent and for rendering the garments fire proof.

12. Trisodium Phosphate, Na3PO4
It is a white crystalline solid soluble in water. It is used as detergent in garment processing.

13. Common Salt
It is used as to exhaust dyeing with direct and reactive dyes.

14. Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate
It is used in printing paste as an acid liberating agent.

14. Glauber Salt, Na2SO4.10H2O
It is used in dyestuff, textile and garment industry. In textile and garment industry, it is added to the dye bath for cotton fabrics to promote dye exhaustion.

15. Magnesium Chloride
It is a colorless, crystalline deliquescent substance soluble in water. It is used in textile and garment industry for sizing, dressing and filling of cotton and woollen fabrics, for thread lubrication or carbonization of wool.

16. Tatar- Emetic
Potassium Antimonyl Tartarateis known as Tartar-emetic. It is used as mordant in large quantities in garment and textile industry.

17. Zinc Chloride
It is a white deliquescent solid exceedingly soluble in water. The concentrated aqueous solution of zinc chloride dissolves cellulose.

18. Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O
It is a crystalline solid very soluble in water. It is used as mordant in printing.

Chemicals used in Textile Processing-2

*****************************************
Bleaching Powder
It is hypochlorite of calcium and sodium. Bleaching powder on treatment with small quantities of dilute acid liberates hyopchlorous acid, whcih can easliy furnish nascent oxygen and thus acts as an oxidizing and bleaching agent. It is used for the following purposes:

1. As an oxidising agent in garment processing
2. For bleaching cotton, linen and wool.
3. In rendering wool unshrinkable.

2. Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2
Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid in the anhydrous state. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It destroys the color of some organic compounds and is used in garment and textile industry for bleaching delicate fabrics like wool, straw and silk.

3. Potassium Chlorate KClO3
Potassium chlorate is a white crystalline solid, which is soluble in water. On heating it decomposes to give oxygen. The ease with which it can lose oxygen, it acts as a strong oxidizing agent. It is used for garment printing.

4. Potassium Chromate
Potassium chromate is available in the form of lemon yellow crystals with no water of crystallization. In garment industry it is used as a mordant.

5. Potassium Dichromate
It is available in the form of orange red crystals. It is soluble in water. In neutral or acidic solution, potassium dichromate furnishes nascent oxygen and thus acts as an excellent oxidizing agent. It is used in garment industry as an oxidizing agent and as mordant in dyeing.

6. Potassium Permanganate
It acts as a powerful oxidising agent in neutral, alkaline or acidic solution and hence used in the garment industry as an oxidising agent.

7. Sodium Perborate
Sodium perborate is mainly used as a bleaching agent for a variety of fabrics namely wool, cotton, rayon, linen etc. It is also used as an oxidising agent and dye fixing agent.


8. Sodium Hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite liberates hypochlorous acid and thus acts as a powerful oxidizing and bleaching agent. It is used in textile and garment industry for bleaching process.

9. Sodium Bisulfite, NaHSO3
An aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite is obtained when an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is saturated with sulphurdioxide. It is an important reducing agent and is used as an antichlor after bleaching garments with chlorine.

10. Sodium Hydrosulfite
It is used as reducing and bleaching agent in garment and textile industry.

11. Sodium Metabisulfite
On heating, it decomposes into sodium bisulfite and sulfur dioxide and hence it is an important reducing agent. It is used as an antichlor after bleaching garments with chlorine.

12. Sodium Sulfite
It forms colorless crystals very soluble in water. It is decomposed by dilute mineral acids with the evolution of sulfur dioxide. It is used as mild bleaching agent for silk and woollen fabrics and as an antichlor after chlorine bleach.

13. Sodium Sulfide
Its aqueous solution shows and alkaline reaction due to hydrolysis. It is used for manufacture of sulfur dyes and as reducing agent in garment industry.

14. Sodium Sulfoxylate Formaldehyde
It is also known as Rongalite C. It is a powerful reducing agent and exerts its full reducing action only at high temperatures. It finds extensive application in garment and textile industry for printing and stripping dyed fabric prior to re-dyeing.

15. Sodium Thiosulfate
It is also know as hypo. It is a colorless, crystalline and efflorescent substance. It is used as an antichlor after bleaching garments with chlorine.

16. Stannous Chloride: It is used as mordant in garment dyeing and printing.


17. Dextrin
It is a modified starch prepared by heat treatment of starch in the dry state, with or without the addition of small quantities of chemicals. It is a white powder, and finds extensive use as sizing and finishing agent.

18 Glucose
It acts as a strong and cheap reducing agent in garment industry.