Science of Denim

What is Formaldehyde? Formaldehyde is a volatile  organic compound , it is present in nature in small quantities,  human blood  and apples both have traces of Formaldehyde. Why is it restricted? In larger quantities, Formaldehyde can cause respiratory problems and skin irritation. How does it get into the product? In textiles formaldehyde is used in anti shrinking treatments and in resin finishes to impart aesthetic properties to textiles such as crease resistance. What are the Legal   Requirements ? Finland was the first  European country  to apply limiting values to Formaldehyde in 1988, there are now many European  countries  that have  regulations  in place, including, Germany,  Norway  and Holland. There is no UK legislation at the moment, however most UK Retailers have set their own limits in line with, or more severe than European Regulations. Formaldehyde is currently under consideration for inclusion within REACH. Test Methods Free Formaldehyde

Now a day’s Denim is a most popular and demanding fabric around the world because of the unique features of denim fabric. Denim came from the French word “Serge de Nimes”. “Jeans” produced by denim is preferable to the teenagers because it can be worn as a fashionable or casual dress in different conditions. The production of denim is more than 50 percent of the world’s production is done by the South Asian countries whereas China and Bangladesh are one of the larger contributors. The following features of denim fabric can be identified: 1. Denim is one of the highly demanding international commercial fabric 2. Produce by 100% cotton yarn but you may find there are a few denim fabric blended with spandex and polyester. Manufactured by Twill weave 3. Warp yarn dyed by indigo/blue eye 4. Weft yarn remain white/grey as its natural color 5. Denim jeans is very strong and does not tear easily that’s why it is long lasting. 6. Denim can be ironed at a high temperature 7. Denim is

Desizing Desizing is the first chemical process in the wet process. Desizing is the term usually restricted to the process of removal of starch (of the size) from the cloth. De-sizing processes can be controlled by desizing process can be controlled by desizing liquor shorter time process. There are several methods for desizing and these can be classified as follows- Objectives of Desizing From the definition of desizing you know that it is a chemical process in wet processing. For this importance, there are several objectives of desizing that can be identified. These are: 1. To remove starch from fabric desizing is done. 2. To improve the absorbing capacity of the fabric. 3. To make ready for the next process scouring, bleaching, etc. 4. To improve absorbing attain of chemicals. 5. Increase the luster of dyeing and printing. #Collected 

What is enzymatic desizing and what is the recommendation for efficient enzyme desizing? Desizing is the process of removing the size material from the warp yarns after the textile fabric is woven. Enzymatic desizing is a traditional desizing procedure of degrading starch size on cotton fabrics using enzymes. Enzymes are multipart organic, soluble bio-catalysts, created by living organisms that catalyze chemical effect in a biological process. Enzymes are quite specific in their act on a particular material. A small amount of enzyme is able to decompose a large quantity of the material. -Before enzyme de sizing cloth should be wetted with warm water. -Enzyme activity should be tested before use. -pH should be controlled. -Avoid copper made machines. -Enzyme treated cloth keep in a rider room. -Treated cloth wash with hot water. -Should be careful that enzyme above 70 degrees the centigrade temperature will be inactivated or damage. How Enzyme activity Depends on Concentrat

The best practice is a manufacturing methodology or technique which is developed by longtime research and accepted as the best method to do a particular job. Here I am giving best practice followed by Garments washing factory, you may set them as a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the whole washing process. Hope this article would help you enrich your knowledge of best practices of Garments Washing Factory. Pre-Production /Sample Development Stage of Garments Washing Factory: 1. Set a detailed SOP for sample development and pre-production procedure and team organogram for proceedings, make visible for all. 2. Your factory should have a separate department or a team (R&D) for handling samples development and duplication. 3. Development samples, and then duplicated samples are kept with records/recipe for future follow up. 4. Development team reviews the PDM & check requirements before start shade band/the first batch. 5. Developments samples are scan and reviewed

Production planning is the very important department in garments industry. Production planning is the controlling aspect of garments industry. It is involves everything & every task in the process to execution the delivery of goods within time frame. So, production planning is the controlling of production & manufacturing process determined by time frame. Planning department plan every style to execution the order within time limit. Without time frame garment cannot sustain so garment industry must follow every task by scheduling. Each order has a delivery date & production plan department follow production plan on the base of delivery date. They know when fabric & trims in-house in factory will. Basically some of fabric & trims come from Local & internationally .So, they plan both option on the base of delivery date. A buyer can judgment by shipment percentage & where the vendor current position? So production planning department must follow some of the

Introduction: It is the discoloration of textiles caused by the action of oxides of nitrogens on yellowable phenols. For phenolic yellowing to take place three components are required; yellowable phenols (OH), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and certain pH conditions. Phenolic Yellowing During the production process ,when storing and when using the goods .It can also have different cause. Often ,yellowing concerns a reaction with phenols .This we call phenolic yellowing or gas fading by NO2. Apart from the frequent attack on white or pastel shades, dark shades are also affected, which becomes duller in appearance. It can occurs by fiber degradation , by color break down by chemical destruction . The test papers are impregnated with a methanol solution containing the phenolic compound and oxides of nitrogen.The pH conditions are provided by the material under test.The yellowing comes from the phenols. Chemically, the yellow substances form through nitration and/or oxidation of specif

Enzymes are proteins formed by long linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are present in all living cells which carry out vital functions in the metabolic process, of growth and cellular reproduction, transforming and conserving energy. They are biological catalysts capable of notably accelerating the chemical reactions which occur in living organisms. They are produced by cells, but they are not viruses or bacteria and they cannot reproduce autonomously; they are therefore “alive” even though not biologically active, in determined conditions of pH, temperature, liquor composition and so on. From the beginning of nineties till today, the biggest development of modern enzymology is made in the textile segment with the introduction of: cellulase  for bio-finishing cellulosic fabrics and garments, catalase  for elimination of hydrogen peroxide after bleaching, amylase  for desizing processes, pectinase  for bioscouring of raw cotton, protease  for the treatm