Science of Denim

There are four main processes in the Denim washing - Pretreatment - Stone or Enzyme Wash- To adjust the surface effect - Bleaching- To adjust the color - Finishing- To adjust the handfeel of the garment Pretreatment involves removal of impurities from the garments and desizing the garment. It also involves prevention of creases in the garment. Wetting Dispersing agent is used in desizing process. It should be able to rapidly wet the jeans so that it can prevent white lines of creases and prevents back staining. Back staining is the redeposition of indigo dyed short fibers, or loose indigo, removed during desizing, stone-washing or enzyme washing. Backstaining reduces the contrast of warp and undyed weft. It also stains pockets and labels and it is more prone ot ozone and yellowing. An anticrease agent is added to prevent crease formation during the washing process.  Enzyme in garment Industry Enzyme is a kind of protein. They help the chemical reaction but them

Pre-treatment Chemicals De-sizing Agent This is used to remove the different types of sizes (Starch, waxes etc.) from the fabric/yarn Wetting and Penetrating Agent  This is needed to reduce the surface tension of water and thus increase the absorbency of the water to the fabric Sequestering Agent & Protective Colloid This is needed to reduce the hardness of water and thus make ideal conditions for washing Scouring Agent  This is needed to remove the oil , fats etc from the fabric. Silicone & Non Silicone Defoamers  These are needed to reduce the foam created during the process of treatment of fabric Non-Silicate Peroxide stabilizer  This is used to stabilize the peroxide of hydrogen peroxide in the pretreatment process. Peroxide Killer  This is used to clear the residual peroxide from the fabric Polyester Weight Reducing Catalyst  This is used to reduce the weight of the polyester fabric during the caustic addition process Anti-back Staining Agent  This is used to prevent the

1. Acetic Acid Acetic acid is a colorless and corrosive liquid with pungent smell of its own. It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether in all proportions. Acetic acid is used in garment industry for dyeing purposes. 2. Citric Acid Citric acid is in the form of colorless, translucent crystals or a white granular to fine crystalline powder. It is used as sequestering agent, as mordanting agent in dyeing and cleansing agent for boiler water. 3. Formic Acid Formic acid is a colorless and pungent smelling mobile liquid. It is miscible with water, alcohol and ether in all proportions. It acts both as an acid and as reducing agent due to presence of both carboxylic and aldehyde group. Formic acid is used in dyeing wool and cotton fabrics. 4. Hydrochloric Acid, HCl Hydrochloric acid gas is a colorless, pungent smelling gas with acidic taste. It fumes in moist air and is extremely soluble in water. 5. Nitric Acid, HNO3 Nitric acid is a colorless fuming liquid when pure but may be colored y